Quantum states are the fundamental building blocks of quantum mechanics, describing the state of a system at a given point in time. These states are represented mathematically by wave functions, which define the probabilities of different outcomes when measurements are made on the system. Quantum states can be described using a variety of mathematical formalisms, such as Dirac notation, density matrices, and wave functions. The study of quantum states plays a crucial role in understanding the phenomena of quantum entanglement, superposition, and quantum computing. Researchers in this field seek to explore the properties, dynamics, and applications of quantum states in a wide range of physical systems, from atoms and molecules to complex quantum systems in condensed matter physics.